Biological mechanisms of regulation of winter wheat productivity in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine belongs to the area of risky seed production because of the low natural fertility of soils (estimated by 33 points) and a large amount of rainfall (680–760 mm), which causes every 2–3 years to obtain low-yielding seeds. Scientific studies indicate an increase in the productivity of plants of various cultures through the use of growth stimulants and bacterial preparations containing a balanced complex of biologically active substances, which contribute to the activation of the basic life processes in plants and the root zone. The search and selection of highly effective and competitive biological products in various soil and climatic zones remains an urgent issue. Our studies were aimed at assessing the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment with Vympel-K growth stimulator applied separately and in combination with the bacterial preparations Diazophyte (based on the nitrogen fixing bacterium Agrobacterium radiobacter) and Polymyxobacterin (based on the phosphorus-mobilizing bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa) for the yield and sowing qualities of winter wheat (Zolotokolosa variety). For comparison, a variant with water seed treatment and a variant with Vitavax disinfectant dressing were also evaluated. It was established that with the joint use of the studied preparations, seed germination rates are higher by 4.8%, the percent of overwintered plants – by 5.5%, seed yield – by 0.54 t / ha, the mass of 1000 seeds – by 2.1 g, germination energy of collected seed – by 2.1%, laboratory germination – by 2.2%. The increasing of the genetic potential of the varieties that are introduced into production due to the elements of biologized growing technology allows to regulate the growth and reproduction processes and adjust the nutritional conditions of winter wheat, since biological preparations are environmentally friendly and their low cost helps to reduce the cost of produced seeds.